Wednesday, February 4, 2009

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Given recent events lived (attacks on the Church, the moral, the EpC ,...) and poor training of politicians who govern us would not hurt to remember the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
The December 10, 1948 The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. After this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of the Declaration and cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or of the territories. " Preamble



whereas freedom, justice and peace in the world are based on the recognition of the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family;
whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts outraged the conscience of mankind, and which has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of man, the advent of a world in which human beings, free from fear and want, enjoy the freedom of speech and freedom of belief;
Whereas it is essential that human rights are protected by the rule of law, so that man is not compelled to have recourse to rebellion against tyranny and oppression;
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations among nations;
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and value of the human person and equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom;
Whereas Member States have committed to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, universal respect and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the utmost importance for the full realization of this commitment;

General Assembly
proclaims this Declaration

Universal Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, so that both individuals and society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and secure, by progressive measures, national and international, its universal recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States and between the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

Article 1
All human beings born free and equal in dignity and rights, are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another.

Article 2

1. Everyone has all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
2. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made based on the political, jurisdictional or international status of country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, as a Trust Territory, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3


Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude, slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5


not be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

Article 6

Everyone has the right, everywhere, the recognition of legal personality.

Article 7

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against discrimination violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for protection against acts that violate his fundamental rights recognized by the constitution or by law.

Article 9

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Article 10

All person is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal for the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him in criminal matters.

Article 11

1. Every person accused of crime has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
2. No person shall be convicted for acts or omissions which when committed were not criminal under National or international law. Nor shall a heavier penalty heavier than that applicable at the time of committing the crime.

Article 12

one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone is entitled to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13

1. Everyone has the right to free movement and residence within the territory of a State.
2. Everyone has the right to leave any country including own and to return to their country.

Article 14

1. In case of persecution, everyone has the right to seek asylum, and to enjoy in other countries.
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from nonpolitical crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15

1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be deprived arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16

1. Men and women from the age of consent, are entitled, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, to marry and raise a family and enjoy equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and dissolution of marriage.
2. Only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses may contract marriage.
3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and State.

Article 17

1. Everyone has the right to own property individually and collectively.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion: this right includes freedom to change religion or belief, and freedom to manifest religion or his belief, individually and collectively, both in public and private, teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression: this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to their opinions, receive and impart information and opinions, and media and regardless of frontiers, by any means of expression.

Article 20

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one shall be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21

1. Everyone has the right to participate in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right to accceso, under conditions of equality, to public service in his country.
3. The will of the people is the basis of the authority of government, this will be expressed in periodic and genuine elections to be held periodically, by universal and equal suffrage and by secret vote or by equivalent free voting.

Article 22

Everyone, as a member of society has the right to social security, realization, through national effort and international cooperation, taking into account the organization and resources of each State, the satisfaction of economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Article 23

1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Everyone has the right, without discrimination, to equal pay for equal work.
3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable remuneration, ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
4. Everyone has the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of their interests.
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Article 25
1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for her and her family, health and well-being, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 26
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education should be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available to higher education will be equal for all on the basis of merit.
2. Education shall be directed to the full development of human personality and strengthen respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial or religious groups, and promote development of United Nations activities for the maintenance peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
Article 27
1. Everyone has the right to participate freely in cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits resulting therefrom.
2. Everyone is entitled to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which is the author.

Article 28

Everyone has the right to establish a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Article 29
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality.
2. In the exercise of their rights and enjoy their freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and general welfare in a democratic society.
3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration.

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